8/19/2023 0 Comments Negative reinforcement aba![]() Specifically, it has been argued that there is little evidence to suggest that the stimulus-presentation process (in and of itself) influences behavior in ways that are different or distinguishable from the stimulus-removal process. The basis for this distinction, however, has been questioned. Although the reinforcement process is primarily functionally defined, that is, identified by the effect this interaction has on event and behavior (i.e., acceleration in both cases), behavior-analytic textbooks (e.g., Alberto & Trautman, 2013 Catania, 2013 Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007) have distinguished subcategories of reinforcement based on formal properties of the process (i.e., positive reinforcement when contingencies entail stimulus presentations and negative reinforcement when they entail stimulus removals). Reinforcement is a term that describes a dynamic interaction between environment and behavior in which behavior increases the probability of an event which, in turn, increases the probability of said behavior. Palabras clave: elección, operante concurrente, reinforcement negativo, parámetros del reforzamiento, humanos. Se discutieron las implicaciones de que los procesos que involucran reforzamiento positivo y negativo pueden tener efectos funcionales distintos. Estos resultados demuestran que los PSA con reforzamiento positivo no siempre predicen sensibilidad diferente a las manipulaciones paramétricas del reforzamiento negativo. La sensibilidad fue idéntica con los dos procedimientos para dos participantes, pero no para el tercero. ![]() Estos reforzadores se incorporaron como parte de la evaluación de sensibilidad a los parámetros operantes concurrentes (PSA) para evaluar si la sensibilidad a las dimensiones de ciertos parámetros (i.e., tasa, magnitud, demora) difirieron entre procedimientos con reforzamiento positivo y negativo. Se usaron programas de razón progresiva para identificar los sonidos preferidos o aversivos cuya presentación contingente (o eliminación) tenía un valor reforzante similar. Participaron tres estudiantes no graduados. Keywords: choice, concurrent operant, negative reinforcement, parameters of reinforcement, humans.Įl presente experimento examinó si manipulaciones idénticas de parámetros idénticos de reforzamiento positivo y negativo con sonido tuvieron efectos sobre la distribución de respuestas en humanos. The implication, that positive and negative processes can have functionally distinct effects, is discussed. These results demonstrate positive-reinforcement PSAs do not always predict differential sensitivity to parametric manipulations of negative reinforcement. Sensitivity was identical across the two procedures for two participants, but not for the third. ![]() These reinforcers then were incorporated into concurrent-operant parameter sensitivity assessments (PSAs) to evaluate whether participant sensitivity to dimensions of certain parameters (i.e., rate, magnitude, delay) differed across positive and negative reinforcement procedures. Progressive-ratio schedules were used to identify preferred and aversive sounds the contingent presentation (or removal) of which had similar reinforcing values. Three undergraduate students participated. The present experiment examined whether identical manipulations of identical parameters of positive and negative sound reinforcement influenced human response allocation in different ways. ![]()
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